TENSES, ASPECTS, AND CAPITAL VERBS IN KAGUYA HIME'S FAIRY TALE「ぐ や 姫 の 物語」BY TAKAHASHI SOUKO

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the form of the use of auxiliary verb tenses, aspects, and capital in Japanese sentence contained in the fairy tale Kaguya Hime  「かぐや姫の物語」Takahashi Souko works, also  identifying the type of verb that follows it. In collecting data, the method used is the listening method, with the basic technique being tapping technique, and the advanced technique used is the free-of-charge listening technique and the note-taking technique. For data analysis, the matching method and the distribution method were used. The equivalence method used is the translational equivalence method and the orthographic equivalence method. For the distribution method, the basic technique used is the technique for direct elements (BUL). Based on the analysis that has been done, the use of past tenses is much more common, and the use of the perfective is more dominant than the use of the imperfective aspect. Perfective and imperfective aspects are also constructed with the use of past tenses. In addition, the modality of construction with imperfective aspects is found to be more dominant in construction with present/future tenses. The results of the analysis also show that, in Japanese there is a mutually influencing relationship between tenses and aspects, and tenses and modals. Thus, in the tale Kaguya Hime by Takahashi Souko tenses are more dominant and influential, this is because Japanese is a signified language, whereas in the tale of Kaguya Hime used  formal language, at the end of each sentence there is a tense marker attached to the verb predicate. The types of verbs found in the use of tenses, aspects, and modals are  jidoushi ‘intransitive’¸ tadoushi ‘transitive’, shoudoushi ‘pontential’, dan fukugodoushi ‘verba majemuk’.